Subtitles focus on spoken language
Subtitles commonly transcribe or translate dialogue for someone who can hear the soundtrack. They may omit sounds that a hearing viewer already perceives.
Captions represent meaningful audio
Complete captions can include dialogue, speaker labels, music cues, laughter, alarms, and other sounds needed to understand the video without hearing it.
Open and closed describe delivery, not purpose
Either kind of text can be permanently burned into the picture or provided as a viewer-controlled track. These terms answer a different question from captions versus subtitles.
Creator shorthand is less strict
Social tools often use auto-captions, auto-subtitles, and animated subtitles for the same visible speech text. Use precise terminology when discussing accessibility, compliance, translation, or deliverables.
